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வியாழன், செப்டம்பர் 17, 2015

KNOWLEDGE as described in Vedas

Vedas are the only scriptures which contain eternal truth based on a-priori knowledge known to human soul being Shurti (heard), all other scriptures like Puranas, Tantras, Epics like Ramayana and Mahabharata Smrities etc. are based on knowledge known to human mind, intellect and senses and do not contain eternal pure truths.


Let Noble Thoughts come to us from all sides (Rig Veda)



Knowledge (Brahmajnan) as described in Vedas"Durlabh hai Brahmjnani" says Sukhmani Sahib.

The Vedic mother hymn Gyatari mantra has a prayer to Savitar deva (Vedic deva of knowledge)"bestow us perfect knowledge during all our three states i.e. awakening, sleep and deep slumber." Maitri Upanishad says due to false comparisons and proofs the world is not able to discern what is the difference between knowledge and ignorance. Isa Upanishad and Yajur-Veda leave no doubt that during stage of ignorance/nescience, any meditation takes a person from darkness to utter darkness. Bhagavad-Gita says with the raft of right knowledge, an individual can cross the turbulent and vast sea of senses and matter. Buddha included right knowledge as part of eight-fold path (Ashata Marga) to achieve perfection and even nirvana. He described ignorance as the longest dark night. Sankracharya made a clear distinction between para and apara jnan- higher and lower knowledge. When lower knowledge parades as perfect knowledge, social and moral evils spread like wild fire in society.


During almost the same period the Greek metaphysicists and philosophers Pythagoras, Socrates and Plato made distinction between a-priori and a-posteriori knowledge. They found that knowledge obtained through sense perception, inference and experience need not be true knowledge. Very often this kind of knowledge is relative to human nature and behaviour of senses based on self interest, false ego and fake imagination appearing as reality. With this kind of knowledge human mind works as logic inventing machine. Later Sankracharya, Ramanajum and others in the East and Immanuel Kant, Spinoza and many others in the West made distinction between impure and pure reason, higher and lower as well as relative and absolute knowledge. In the lower knowledge, truth varies with time and space. In the higher and absolute knowledge the truths are permanent and uniform. All knowledge may begin with experience but it does not mean all knowledge arises from experience.

Vedas are one of the most ancient scriptures for the guidance and welfare of mankind. Vedas are from the word "Vid", which means knowledge. Thus Vedas are the storehouse of absolute and permanent knowledge. Seven streams of different kind of knowledge emerge from God and then merge into three rivers to form trinity of knowledge (Brahmajnan). These seven streams relate to all physical sciences, social sciences, military science, 16 kinds of arts, spiritual science relating to spirit as energy principle, metaphysics (knowledge of soul) and divine knowledge of eternal objects/subjects. When in harmony, these streams join into three rivers of divine, spiritual and material knowledge to form a trinity of knowledge as Brahmajnan. In isolation all these three kinds of knowledge is ignorance.

Later in the ancient Indian mythology Brahmajnan was described as ocean of knowledge Jnana Ganga or Ganga sagar. Three rivers of knowledge were metaphorically mentioned as Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati. The confluence of these three rivers was described as Sangam akin to trinity of knowledge. Thereafter these three rivers form an ocean (sagar) of knowledge. In mythology river Ganga (Ganges) is the river of knowledge. Saraswati devi (Being of Light) presides over Vidya (Vedic education) based on trinity of knowledge (Brahmajnan). Atharva Veda Book 19, chapters 13 to 18 and Yajur Veda X-12 to 16 describe all the seven streams of knowledge.

Not only Bhagavad Gita but also Rig Veda says, with right knowledge one can cross the stormy river of senses and illusion of comfort created by vast ocean of matter (R.V.10-53-8, Y.V.35-10). God's divine mercy can help in having right knowledge of good, virtue and absolute truth (R.V.8-16-11). Divine knowledge relates to whatever is imperishable, permanent and eternal. Thus knowledge of formless and ineffable God, soul (atma), metaphysics, Time and Space etc. are part of jnan. Spiritual knowledge of spirit (jiva) in Prakrti (divine Nature), her attributes, cosmic creation/withdrawal, the knowledge of void (shuniya) where the spirit resides, primordial matter of purity, activity and passivity (three gunas of sattva, rajas and tamas) etc. are part of spiritual science as vijnan.

The knowledge of gross universe, physical and social sciences based on inert matter bereft of spirit, phenomenal world appearing as real are part of ajnan (nescience/ignorance). Those who find unsuspected vitality in matter due to spirit in void, this material knowledge merges in vijnan.
In isolation all the three branches of knowledge are part of ajnan (ignorance). When daivya jnan (divine knowledge) becomes independent of other two branches, individuals tend to become fanatics, fundamentalists and even religious bigot/terrorists. Such God intoxicated persons do not firmly believe in ONE Universal God for the entire mankind. They do not understand the noble Vedic concepts of spiritual brotherhood, global family of the same God and universal friendship. Some of them consider soul manifested soul and spirit as one and the same and others do not believe in the presence of soul and spirit in the human body. Very often such persons tend to destroy and demolish the worship places of religion of others. Under their religious leadership, religion as spiritual science moves towards organized, hierarchical and institutionalized religion. The love of their religion leads to hatred of other religions.
They overlook the fact that different religions are meant to compete with each other towards virtue, goodness, nobility and universal friendship. Atharva Veda confirms the existence of a large number of religions in India.

Spiritual knowledge in isolation tends to make a person hypocrite, sycophant and ambivalent. Such people use this knowledge for ego and luxurious living, gaining political and social influence and power, minting tons of tainted money by encouraging gifts and donation culture. Their belief in One formless and ineffable Universal God is more to confuse others since only personal effable god/God with human form can be visualised by them. To gain recognition and money power, some of them tend to declare that they are the incarnation of God/god on this earth. They have vague knowledge of Spirit, Prakrti, gunas, tanmatras, mahabhutas, Vedic koshas etc.

Material knowledge of inert matter in isolation invariably makes a person moral infant. As described in Sama- Veda, nine kind of hydra headed corruption entering through 99 sources in their gross body is widely prevalent with them. Bribe givers/takers, profiteers and social criminals etc. fall in this category. Ostentatious and proxy worship more to gain social recognition is common with them. Owing to their inner darkness, many of them are always in search of prophets, gurus, swamis, tantriks etc. Such persons always consider their outward looking mind as real and inward looking mind as imaginary ghost. Bhagavad Gita clearly makes a distinction between etani and manas i.e. outward looking mind and inward looking mind. Katha Upanishad refers to inward looking mind as sreya and outward looking mind as preyas.

Thus in isolation these three rivers of knowledge lead to imperfect knowledge. Trouble with this kind of fragmented knowledge is that it makes the individuals walk into boundaries leading to a large number of social, religious and economic islands. The vast ocean of Vedic global family and universal brotherhood is forgotten. Individuals start moving in smaller and narrower circles very often inimical to each other.

Wise men of all ages have rightly observed, "Brahmajnani sada nirlep". It literally means that a person on the path of right knowledge is always detached but invariably active on the firm belief of nishkama karma (selfless devotion to duty). Such a person never renounces the material world. "durlabh hai Brahmjanani"i.e. one rarely finds such a person. Vedic comprehensive education system extending till the age of 44/48 years of the students aims at producing a large number of Brahmajanani as Rudrais and Adityas.

The litmus test of true knowledge is there is no impurity in thoughts and ideas including gross body of such individuals. At that stage truth becomes part oframmehta@ your being. The wisdom of such human beings moves from the mouth to the heart where God resides. HE is within and also without. We are all born out of Him and still in the ignorant stage we do not know what HE is (Mundaka Upanishad). Only true knowledge removes the cataract of the eye and all kind of outer and inner darkness disappears. All religions then appear as one. In this path of knowledge God is for logic, metaphysical studies and worship as bhava and kriya. Bhava alone one can not explain God through categories like substance, activity, quality and relationship. Words recoil to describe God as HE transcends all forms and shapes (Adi Sankracharya).

Owing to the ignorance of the concept of right knowledge relating to seven streams, many gurus, cult leaders and priests of various religions of the world are making deliberate efforts to make each part as independent and complete knowledge. For some divine knowledge in isolation is right knowledge and for others even fake spiritual knowledge alone is path to perfection. This deliberate effort has the effect of making even sattavki Maya of purity into polluted Maya leading to delusion, lack of discerning power (vivek) and absolute insensitivity towards corruption, social evils and lack of integrity.
Vedic rsis (metaphysicists) and even Buddha later on found perpetual flux in human beings. This flux is caused by ever changing proportion of primordial matter (sattavic, rajasic and tamasic gunas) in the human body owing to our good or bad deeds, thoughts and desires. To avoid flowing with the turbulent tides of perpetual flux, it is necessary to find some moorings and stability. Path of right knowledge helps as it serves a raft to take a Brahmajnani on this path out of illusion of comfort created by vast ocean of matter (pratibhasha, mithya, Maya etc.).

False knowledge (mithya jnan) is discursive, intellectual, categorized and empirical. Owing to predominance of impure reason it no longer remains integral knowledge and tends to become fragmentary knowledge. Thus untruth, telling lies, magic, error, insecurity etc; individuals learn through experience being a-posteriori knowledge. Only right knowledge is guide to right action, hence it is one�s greatest asset. It frees a person from hatred, suspicion and doubts (Isa Upanishad IV-1). Clearly all men are products of knowledge, faith and thoughts. Only movement from imperfect to perfect Knowledge is described as development in Vedanta. 

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